The proximate matter of Baptism is the use of the water [...] in such a way that in the common estimation of men an ablution has been performed. Prümmer, Handbook of Moral Theology 1956, 552.3 (paid link) Defects of matter (and related issues) and necessary actions Explanation of this table follows below. Defect:verdict:The water is poured once, rather than in …
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